Crack JRF/NET/SET in one month : IMPORTANT TOPICS OF NET FIRST PAPER.

Concepts, Nature, Characteristics of Teaching

Concepts of Teaching

• Teaching can be both Informal (homeschooling during initial years of life by parents) & Formal (paid faculty as in coaching).
• It is a planned activity to attain some predetermined goals and effective teaching depends on:-

v  How clearly, the students understand what they are expected to learn.

v  How accurately their learning can be measured.

Teaching Models

1.      Instructor-centered Teaching : or Pedagogical approach (is the art & science of teaching). The learner is dependent upon the instructor for all learning, as the instructor controls the pace of learning and what to be taught.

2.    Learner-centred: or Self-evaluation or Andragogical approach. The instructors facilitate the learning of students to acquire new skills by themselves (self-study).

Levels of Teaching

•       Memory level of teaching MLT

Ø  Herbart is the main proponent of MLT.

Ø  Teaching-learning the process is ‘Stimulus-Response’ here.

Ø  The evaluation of students is by – oral, written.

• Understanding the level of teaching ULT

Ø  Morrison .....of...ULT.

Ø  It is ‘memory plus insight’ and focuses on the mastery of the subject.

Ø  It also develops the intellectual behavior of students.

Ø  Evaluation by – essay and objectives questions.

•       Reflective level of teaching RLT

Ø  Hunt ... of. RLT.

Ø  Highest level of teaching (includes ULT+MLT).

Ø  It is a problem-centric approach of teaching.

Ø  Evaluation by- essay test, involvement of students.

Ø  Classroom environment is to be “open & independent”.

o   Teaching changes according to time, place and different variables.

Students are dependent variables, Teachers are independent variables as they can manipulate the behavior of students and Teaching methods are intervening variables.

NOTE ‘Teaching can be done without indoctrination but no indoctrination is possible without teaching’.

Principles of Teaching

1.     Motivation: creates curiosity among students. (if you want tips on self-motivation comment)

2.     Learning by doing: Froebel’s Kindergarten system (KG).

3.     Generating interest among students to increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process.

4.     Learning by life experiences (Ishq Ek ehsaas hai jo explain Nahi Kiya Ja Sakta hai).

5.     Principle of definite aim by making learning more focused (Karna hai to UPSC/JRF hi crack Karna hai).

6.     Principle of recognizing individual differences: all are not intelligent some are average. The teaching method should be such that all students are made avail to equal opportunities.

7.    The selection of teaching content should be more relevant and updated in this digital world.

8.     Teaching should be systematic to make optimum use of resources within the time limit.

9.     To make learning easier, topics should be divided such that it has links between each other.

10.  Principle of revision: sab Kuch na pade jo pade usko bar bar revise kare.

11.  Recreation of study: in your own words to be more creative.

12. Principle of democratic dealing: performing different activities (dance, speech, debate, play) to develop self-confidence.

13.  Principle of remedial teaching: it helps teachers to identify mistakes and suggest the best solution to the problems.    

       Classification of Teaching 

  There are two classifications: Blooms Classification and Gagne & Briggs Classification.

Gagne and Briggs Classification: the learning outcomes fall under one of the following categories:-

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